Hydrocarbyl functional groups are ones that contain only carbon and hydrogen.Note that in organic chemistry, the R group is a generic placeholder for other groups such as aliphatic groups. Examples:įunctional groups commonly encountered in drugs Non-carbon and non-hydrogen atoms are shown in the shorthand notation. In a similar fashion, the symbol “C” for carbon is often not drawn in skeletal formulas of organic compounds (i.e. This approach to understanding the chemistry of organic compounds presumes that certain atoms or groups of atoms known as functional groups give these compounds their characteristic properties. In such cases, the hydrogens are said to be implicit. A shorthand notation, where the hydrogens bonded to carbons aren’t shown in drawings but are assumed to be present, is preferred. However, the hydrogens bonded to carbons are often not shown as it is tedious to do so and the omission makes structures look neater. A functional group is a group of atoms or bonds inside a substance that is responsible for the substances unique chemical reactions in organic chemistry. Well here is a carbon-carbon double bond, and we know that a carbon-carbon double bond is an alkene. So this molecule on the left is found in perfumes, and let's look for some of the functional groups that we've talked about in the previous videos. A generic carboxylic acid with its hydroxyl group can be seen below. Voiceover Let's practice identifying functional groups in different compounds. Along with alcohols, carboxylic acids are commonly seen in nature. While this may seem like a very small change, there are some important consequences for stability and reactivity which we will cover. These two functional groups together create an extremely reactive molecule, which is prone to forming new carbon-carbon bonds. A functional group or moiety is a specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for characteristic chemical reactions of that molecule. When hydrogens attached to carbons are shown in the skeletal formulas of organic compounds, the hydrogens are said to be explicitly shown. The Ester functional group is a carboxylic acid derivative that is analogous to the Amides that were highlighted in Amide Functional Group Spotlight, but contain an Oxygen atom instead of a Nitrogen. Functional groups determine the characteristic physical, chemical and biological properties of a molecule. Functional groups are specific substituents or moieties, composed of an atom or a group of atoms, within molecules that possess similar chemical properties whenever it occurs in different compounds. A lot of drugs in the market are small organic molecules and as a student of medicinal chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacy, pharmacology or medicine, knowledge of the different functional groups is crucial.
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